Gastric banding (FDA approved since 2001) is a popular weight loss surgery because it is a laparoscopic (Key Hole), reversible surgical procedure that does not alter the alimentary system or disturb the normal digestive process. It does not involve any cutting or removal of any part of the stomach or intestines. The Swedish Adjustable Gastric Band (other such bands are also available) is an inflatable silicone strap around device that fits around the upper part of the stomach and gives the stomach an hour glass shape with a small upper part and a large lower part (Gastric Band Image). A small amount of food is adequate to fill the upper part and provide a sense of fullness. This is helps reduce food intake and lose weight on a long term. The diameter of the Gastric band can be adjusted to suit the weight loss requirements by injecting or removing fluid through a port placed under the skin. For reduced eating to succeed, the individual should avoid high calorie sweets and confectionaries. Following the Dietary, Exercise and Medical Guidelines is vital for the success of the procedure. The Gastric band is retained for life. It can be removed by laparoscopic (Key Hole) surgery if so desired . The need for re-operation is very low. In laparoscopic (Key Hole) surgery, a miniature telescope with a small high resolution video system is used to visualize the insides of the body and perform desired procedures through small holes thus avoiding long incisions on the body.

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In Malabsorptive Bariatric (weight loss) surgeries like RNY gastric bypass, BP Diversion, Duodenal Switch, major permanent alterations are made to the alimentary tract and the digestive process by partial removal and rerouting. These procedures cause food to be less digested and incompletely absorbed and hence nutritional supplements, drugs are required after surgery.